Air pollution caused 8.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2015. This corresponds to an average reduction in life expectancy per capita of 2.9 years. In comparison, tobacco smoking reduces the life expectancy by an average of 2.2 years (7.2 million deaths), HIV / AIDS by 0.7 years (1 million deaths), parasitic and vector-borne diseases such as malaria — by 0.6 years (600,000 deaths). “Air pollution exceeds malaria as a cause of premature death by a factor of 19; it exceeds violence by a factor of 17 and HIV / AIDS by a factor of 9. Given the huge impact on public health and the global population, one could say that our results indicate an air pollution pandemic,” said Jos Lelieveld, director at Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and first author of the study.
This study is the first to examine the global impact of air pollution on human health compared to other risk factors worldwide. “Our comparison of different global risk factors shows that ambient air pollution is a leading cause of premature mortality and loss of life expectancy, in particular through cardiovascular diseases,” says Thomas Münzel, director of the Cardiology Center at the University Medical Center in Mainz and co-author of the paper.
Relationship between pollution and disease
The scientists examined the connection between exposure to pollutants and the occurrence of diseases. In order to calculate the worldwide exposure to pollutants, which primarily include fine particles and ozone, the researchers used an atmospheric chemical mode. They then combined the exposure data with the Global Exposure — Mortality Model that derives from many epidemiological cohort studies. Using these tools and data, scientists investigated the effects of different pollution sources, distinguishing between natural (wildfires, aeolian dust) and anthropogenic emissions, including fossil fuel use. Based on their results they could estimate the disease-specific excess mortality and loss of life expectancy in all countries world-wide.
The study results show that the mortality caused by ambient air pollution is highest in East Asia (35 percent) and South Asia (32 percent), followed by Africa (11 percent), Europe (9 percent) and North- and South America (6 percent). Lowest mortality rates are found in Australia (1,5 percent) associated with the strictest air quality standards of all countries. “We understand more and more that fine particles primarily favor vascular damage and thus diseases such as heart attack, stroke, cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. It is of outmost importance that air pollution is adopted as a cardiovascular risk factor and that it is distinctly mentioned in the ESC/AHA guidelines of prevention, acute and coronary syndromes and heart failure,” continued Münzel.
Avoidable deaths
According to the findings of the study, almost two thirds of the deaths caused by air pollution, namely around 5.5 million a year are avoidable, and the majority of polluted air comes from the use of fossil fuels. The researchers estimate that the average life expectancy world-wide would increase by more than a year if the emissions from the use of fossil fuels were eliminated.
The team from the University Medical Center Mainz and Max Planck Institute for Chemistry published a similar paper last year focusing on the consequences of air pollution in Europe. According to the earlier study, nearly 800,000 Europeans die prematurely every year due to illnesses caused by air pollution. Polluted air shortens the lifespan of Europeans by more than two years.
723331 461005Extremely intriguing topic , regards for putting up. 5339
151854 890866I as well conceive so , perfectly indited post! . 15798
716101 235543Hey there guys, newbie here. Ive lurked about here for a bit although and thought Id take part in! Looks like youve got quite a excellent place here 898439
935403 932567I like this weblog extremely much, Its a rattling good billet to read and uncover info . 945333
198895 232723Where else could anybody get that kind of info in such an ideal approach of writing? 887828
363383 959058Id need to verify with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in reading a submit that will make individuals believe. Additionally, thanks for permitting me to remark! 18058
434307 130220Incredibly best man toasts, nicely toasts. is directed building your own by way of the wedding celebration as a result are supposed to try to be witty, amusing and consequently unusual as properly as. very best mans speech 994080
55143 720093Good post, nicely put together. Thanks. I is going to be back soon to take a look at for updates. Cheers 293358
614379 119758 An interesting discussion is worth comment. I think which you ought to write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but normally people are not enough to speak on such topics. Towards the next. Cheers 876984
949902 958632Wow, amazing blog layout! How lengthy have you ever been running a weblog for? you make running a blog glance effortless. The total appear of your internet website is magnificent, well the content material! 136853
49825 889037You might locate effective specific development of any L . a . Weight loss program and each and every you are incredibly important. To begin with level is an natural misplacing during the too significantly weight. lose belly fat 986375
443365 327716Good blog here! following reading, i decide to buy a sleeping bag ASAP 507589
646866 682563I havent checked in here for some time as I thought it was acquiring boring, but the last few posts are wonderful quality so I guess Ill add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 196503
63464 470346I agree with most of your points, but several require to be discussed further, I will hold a small talk with my partners and possibly I will appear for you some suggestion soon. 162775
895815 88054To your organization online business owner, releasing an crucial company may be the bread so butter inside of their opportunity, and choosing a fantastic child care company often means the certain between a victorious operation this really is. how to start a daycare 782922
858216 665778Howdy just wanted to give you a brief heads up and let you know some of the pictures arent loading properly. Im not certain why but I feel its a linking concern. Ive tried it in two different web browsers and both show the same outcome. 813861
560392 843595This really is sensible information! Exactly where else will if ind out far more?? Who runs this joint too? sustain the very good work 209017
151332 253393Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your site when you could be giving us something enlightening to read? 399895
771098 560972Spot on with this write-up, I truly assume this internet site needs significantly more consideration. Ill probably be once more to read far a lot more, thanks for that info. 769861
120011 275586I gotta favorite this web site it seems handy quite useful 909825
617085 474627Howdy! I just want to give an enormous thumbs up for the great data you might have here on this post. I will likely be coming back to your weblog for far more soon. 969085
tadalafil generic: http://tadalafilonline20.com/ tadalafil 40 mg from india
generic pills without a doctor prescription: https://genericwdp.com/ overseas pharmacies shipping to usa
847613 485262extremely good post, i surely truly like this remarkable website, maintain on it 66501
india pharmacy drugs cheap tadalafil
generic drugs without doctor’s prescription: https://genericwdp.com/ buy prescription drugs
viagra cost buy real viagra online
online doctor prescription for viagra
buy viagra online usa viagra cost
online doctor prescription for viagra
where to buy viagra online how much is viagra
where can i buy viagra over the counter
viagra cost п»їviagra pills
mexican viagra
how much is viagra cost of viagra
buy viagra online usa
buy generic 100mg viagra online best place to buy generic viagra online
viagra cost
diflucan otc diflucan 150mg prescription
how do i get propecia propecia prices
100mg viagra https://viagrapills100.com/ where to buy viagra
viagra without a doctor prescription usa https://viagrapills100.com/ 100mg viagra
cheap viagra online https://viagrapills100.com/ viagra over the counter walmart
ed pills online solutions for ed
cheap ed pills usa
ed pills without a doctor prescription cheap ed pills from india
treatment for erectile dysfunction
https://hydroxychloroquinest.com/# plaquenil generic brand
http://hydroxychloroquinest.com/# hydroxychloroquine 2
765688 522508My brother suggested I would possibly like this weblog. He was once entirely right. This submit really produced my day. You cant believe just how so a lot time I had spent for this info! Thank you! 969722
http://prednisonest.com/# buy prednisone 10mg
http://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax 500
generic zithromax azithromycin
https://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax for sale 500 mg
zithromax z-pak price without insurance
clindamycin generic: panmycin online
minomycin tablets
minocin online: tinidazole for sale
buy terramycin generic
tinidazole for sale: order zyvox
ketoconazole capsules
trusted india online pharmacies: buy prescriptions from india pharmacy reputable online pharmacies in india
india pharmacy: united pharmacy india best online international pharmacies india
erectile dysfunction pills: ed pills for sale generic viagra pills
order erectile dysfunction pills: ed pills generic viagra pills
best place to buy viagra online buying viagra online without prescription viagra online no prescription
best place to buy generic viagra online viagra without a doctor prescription canada viagra online no prescription
http://diflucanst.com/# diflucan men
https://clomidst.com/# price of clomid
http://doxycyclinest.com/# doxycycline 100mg price
http://amoxilst.com/# order amoxicillin 500mg
metformin 500: metformin without prescription – metformin 500 mg brand name
paxil cr generic: buy paxil – paxil 30 mg
lasix for sale: cheap furosemide – lasix 40mg
non prescription erection pills: buy erection pills – ed medication
ventolin for sale uk: ventolin pharmacy australia – buy ventolin online usa
where can i order ventolin in canada without a prescription
propecia.com: generic propecia – cheap propecia canada
ventolin 2mg tab
tadalafil pills: tadalafil generic india – tadalafil pills
ventolin tablets uk
generic for ventolin: albuterol inhaler for sale – ventolin mexico
ventolin prices
finasteride 1 mg: finasteride – propecia prices
ventolin us price
cheap ventolin online: where to buy ventolin generic – cost of ventolin in usa
generic ventolin inhaler
https://edpillst.com/# cheap erectile dysfunction
ed treatment pills
https://edpillst.com/# best erection pills
best male enhancement pills
northwestpharmacy erectile dysfunction medications – no rx needed pharmacy
canada drugs online review
online pharmacy ordering ed drugs – no script pharmacy
prescription drugs from canada
buy cialis doctor erectile dysfunction pills – canadian pharmacy cialis 20mg
buy cialis online in canada
buy cialis tadalafil0 with pay pal erectile dysfunction medications – generic cialis daily pricing
cialis without prescriptions canada
canada cialis online ed pills – where can i buy cialis without a prescription
buy cialis online overnight
much does cialis cost without insurance erectile dysfunction medications – can i buy cialis in toronto
canadian pharmacy cialis 20mg
cialis without presciption in usa erectile dysfunction medications – buy cialis canadian
can i buy cialis in uk
buy cialis online viagra erectile dysfunction medications – cialis without presciption in usa
cheapest generic cialis australia
generic cialis 20 mg tadalafil cialis 20 mg cost – buy cialis cheaper online
buy cialis canadian
can i buy cialis in toronto ed pills – buy cialis online cheap
buy cialis in miami
viagra online viagra prices – viagra cost
viagra vs cialis
viagra coupons buy viagra online without a prescription – generic viagra available
buy viagra online without a prescription
generic viagra available how long does viagra last – viagra coupon
viagra for women
cialis online without prescription: buy cialis online best price cialis 5mg tablet
buy cialis online in canada
buy cialis cheap canada: buy cialis insurance buy cheap cialis uk
fastest delivery of generic cialis
cialis without prescriptions canada: buy cialis canadian cialis without presciption in usa
cialis online daily
buy cheap cialis uk: buy cialis online in canada buy cialis online viagra
buy cialis in miami
monthly cost of cialis without insurance: monthly cost of cialis without insurance cialis for daily use
buy cialis cheaper online
ed remedies: top ed drugs – best ed pills at gnc
zestril tablet: lisinopril 20mg – lisinopril 4214
50 mg lisinopril: cheap lisinopril – where can i get lisinopril
cialis sale 20mg: cialis in europe buy cialis shipping canada
taking cialis soft tabs
can i buy cialis in uk: buy cialis cheap canada buy cialis 36 hour
buy cialis online viagra
ordering cialis online australia – find cheap cialis online cialis in europe
how to buy cialis online uk – can i buy cialis online buy cialis online cheap
cheapest pharmacy for prescriptions without insurance: canadian pharmacy meds – super saver pharmacy
legit online pharmacy: us online pharmacy – reputable online pharmacy uk
generic cialis daily pricing where can i buy cialis without a prescription buy cialis united kingdom
buy cialis online viagra cialis 5mg tablet buy cialis without perscription
how to buy cialis online uk ordering cialis online australia cialis 20 mg cost
how to buy cialis online uk cialis without presciption in usa buy cialis cheap canada
medicine for erectile buy cheap prescription drugs online – buy prescription drugs from canada cheap
cheap medications ed meds online without doctor prescription – how to overcome ed
wellbutrin cost uk where can i get wellbutrin over the counter – wellbutrin australia buy
amoxicillin pharmacy price where to buy amoxicillin 500mg – 875 mg amoxicillin cost
over the counter ed drugs buy cheap prescription drugs online – natural ed remedies
legal online pharmacy coupon code medical pharmacy – pharmacy open near me
benadryl 1.00 coupon purchase zyrtec – allegra 5mg
generic amoxicillin 500mg keflex antibiotic – buy amoxicillin 500mg usa
diabetes and ed: buy ed drugs online buy prescription drugs
cheap pills online: ed pills online pharmacy mens ed pills
viagra 100mg price – viagra online usa best over the counter viagra
doxycycline without prescription buy doxycycline online without prescription – where to get doxycycline
chloroquine usa chloroquine for sale – cheap chloroquine
chloroquine chloroquine tablets buy – chloroquine tablet price
doxycycline 150 mg buy doxycycline 100mg – doxycycline 100mg online
amoxicillin 500mg capsules price purchase amoxicillin online – how to get amoxicillin
neurontin for sale gabapentin – neurontin 800 mg tablet
http://viagrasv.com/# viagra from canada
viagra cost
http://viagrasv.com/# п»їviagra pills
viagra from india
viagra vs cialis bodybuilding canadian drug prices – canada pharmacy coupon
ed meds online pharmacy canadian pharmacy – canadianpharmacyworld com
http://hydroxychloroquinefst.com/# plaquenil 100 mg tablets
https://stromectolfst.com/# ivermectin 6mg
https://hydroxychloroquinefst.com/# plaquenil 50mg
http://ivermectinstr.com/# stromectol 3mg tablets
stromectol tablets for humans stromectol for sale – ivermectin price comparison
buy prescription drugs without doctor herbal ed remedies – causes for ed
100mg viagra viagra without a doctor prescription – viagra without a doctor prescription
buying viagra online blue pill viagra – viagra amazon
cialis 20mg low price buy cialis insurance – buy cialis tadalafil tablets
http://furosemidecheap.com/# furosemide 100 mg
generic cialis? genaric cialis wunqzos – walmart price for cialis
cialis en espanol order cialis brand – cialis 20 mg best price
cialis prescription online overnighted cialis for men pjrhjwk – cheap name brand cialis
is viagra funded by government viagra for sale in florida fvozysy – viagra prizer
viagra for sale ireland viagra for sale sa ViagraCND100Mg – buying viagra with paypal
ミニ ラブドール なんて言葉…すごい、すごいアイデア